Gambling is the act of placing something of value on an event whose outcome is uncertain. While most people gamble for fun or as a way to socialize, a small percentage of people become seriously involved in gambling and continue to do so despite negative personal, family, and financial consequences. While the precise causes of pathological gambling remain elusive, there is substantial agreement that it involves a combination of psychological and environmental factors.
While the term “gambling” is most often used to refer to games of chance, there are many different types of gambling. Some of these include the lottery, casino games (e.g. slot machines), sports betting, and more. Although each type of gambling is distinct in the sense that it involves a different set of rules and requires a different level of skill, they all share several common features. These include:
The risk of becoming addicted to gambling can vary widely from person to person. People who gamble more frequently and with higher stakes are at greater risk of developing a gambling disorder than those who gamble less often or with lower stakes. Additionally, individuals who gamble when they are feeling distressed (e.g., depressed, helpless, guilty) may be at greater risk for developing a gambling disorder than those who do not.
A variety of psychological processes contribute to the development of gambling addiction, including impulsivity and sensation-and novelty-seeking. Specifically, research has shown that individuals with high levels of impulsivity are more likely to engage in gambling activities and to be unable to control their gambling behavior. Furthermore, evidence indicates that gambling disorders are associated with a range of psychological, neurobiological, and environmental factors, and that they may co-occur with substance abuse and other mental health problems.
Gambling has been a popular and widely practised activity in human societies for centuries, yet it has also been banned and suppressed by law in most areas of the world. Nevertheless, recent times have seen a gradual softening of attitudes towards gambling and a relaxation of laws in some jurisdictions.
People who are addicted to gambling can spend more than they can afford, and may lie about their spending or hide evidence of their gambling activity. Consequently, they can experience a range of harms, from lost relationships to bankruptcy and reliance on others for money. Those who are concerned that their gambling has become harmful should seek professional help. There are a number of organisations that offer support, assistance and counselling for those who have gambling problems, as well as their families. These services can help to reduce the harm caused by gambling, or even prevent it altogether. They can also provide information on how to recognise the warning signs of gambling addiction and find out what steps to take next. They can be found on the internet and in local directories. They can be contacted by phone or email, and most are also available in person. In addition, they can provide links to other services in the area.